Promoción de actividades físicas para adultos mayores: Una estrategia educativa para estudiantes de Gerontología

En la actualidad, existe una tendencia progresiva al envejecimiento de la población. El propósito de esta investigación consistió exponer una estrategia educativa para los estudiantes del 5.º nivel de Gerontología que contribuya a la promoción de la actividad física en el adulto mayor. La investigación se enmarcó en una metodología mixta y un diseño descriptivo de corte transversal. Se emplearon métodos científicos que en el orden teórico se encuentran análisis-síntesis, inductivo-deductivo y el sistémico estructural, y como métodos empíricos la revisión documental, la observación, la encuesta y entrevistas, las cuales fueron aplicadas a una muestra de 38 sujetos y revelan la importancia de la actividad física como estrategia que permite alcanzar un envejecimiento activo y con calidad de vida en la tercera edad. Según estos resultados, la aplicación de una estrategia educativa estructurada en tres etapas y dos fases contribuye a la autogestión del aprendizaje de los estudiantes, donde el contexto profesional se convierte en un auténtico espacio de formación.

Atualmente, há uma tendência progressiva de envelhecimento da população. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi apresentar uma estratégia educacional para estudantes do 5º nível de Gerontologia que contribua para a promoção da atividade física em idosos. A pesquisa foi enquadrada em uma metodologia mista e um desenho descritivo transversal. Foram utilizados os métodos científicos teórico, indutivo-dedutivo e sistêmico-estrutural, e os métodos empíricos foram revisão documental, observação, inquérito e entrevistas, que foram aplicados a uma amostra de 38 sujeitos e revelam a importância da atividade física como estratégia para alcançar o envelhecimento ativo e a qualidade de vida dos idosos. De acordo com esses resultados, a aplicação de uma estratégia educacional estruturada em três etapas e duas fases contribui para o autogerenciamento da aprendizagem dos alunos, em que o contexto profissional se torna um autêntico espaço de treinamento.

Currently, there is a progressive trend towards population aging. The purpose of this research was to present an educational strategy for students of the 5th level of Gerontology that contributes to the promotion of physical activity in older adults. The research was framed in a mixed methodology and a cross-sectional descriptive design. Scientific methods were used that in the theoretical order include analysis-synthesis, inductive-deductive and structural systemic and as empirical methods documentary review, observation, survey and interviews, applied to a sample of 38 subjects. The study revealed the importance of physical activity as a strategy that allows achieving active aging with quality of life. According to these results, the application of an educational strategy, structured in three stages and two phases, contributes to the self-management of student learning, where the professional context becomes an authentic training space.

Interacciones potenciales entre productos herbolarios con fármacos hipoglucemiantes en adultos mayores con diabetes mellitus, en una zona rural mexicana / Potenciais interacções entre produtos à base de plantas e medicamentos hipoglicemiantes em adultos mais velhos com diabetes mellitus no Mexico rural / Potential interactions between herbal products with hypoglycemic drugs in older adults with diabetes mellitus in rural Mexico

Introducción: El 50% de la población mundial usa tratamientos alternativos como productos herbarios. El 20% los consume de manera simultánea con algún tratamiento farmacológico para el control la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2; enfermedad prevalente en adultos mayores. Es escasa la información acerca de las interacciones medicamentosas que pudieran producirse, siendo responsables de más de 7,000 muertes al año. Objetivo: Identificar los productos herbarios de mayor consumo del Adulto Mayor con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2, en Chapulco, Puebla, México y describir las posibles interacciones medicamentosas entre fármaco hipoglucemiante ­ producto herbario reportados en la literatura científica. Metodología: Estudio observacional, prolectivo, transversal, descriptivo, en una población de 35 adultos mayores diabéticos, con edad promedio de 70±7 años. Para la identificación de los productos herbarios de uso común y sus aplicaciones terapéuticas se aplicó el cuestionario U-PLANMED. Resultados: Se identificaron 50 productos herbarios y 18 combinaciones entre estos a la vez. El 40% de los participantes consumen simultáneamente más de dos productos herbarios con uno o dos fármacos hipoglucemiantes. Entre los productos de mayor consumo se encuentran el nopal (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), la manzanilla (Matricaria chamomilla L.) y el zacate de limón (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf.). Las interacciones medicamentosas potenciales identificadas, principalmente en estudios experimentales en animales, sugieren que, existe una acción hipoglucemiante del producto herbario al aumentar la capacidad orgánica sobre la secreción/liberación de insulina endógena. Conclusiones: Se ha evidenciado la presencia de interacciones medicamentosas ante el consumo simultaneo de fármacos prescritos para el control de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 con productos herbarios. Es necesario que, los profesionales en atención a la salud identifiquen el uso de dichos productos y orienten a los adultos mayores sobre las posibles repercusiones en los niveles de glucosa ante el consumo.

Introduction: 50% of the world's population uses alternative treatments such as herbal products. Twenty percent use them in conjunction with some form of pharmacological treatment to control type 2 diabetes mellitus, a disease prevalent in older adults. There is little information on the drug interactions that may occur, which are responsible for more than 7,000 deaths per year. Objective: To identify the most consumed herbal products among older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Chapulco, Puebla, Mexico, and to describe the possible drug-drug interactions between hypoglycemic drugs and herbal products reported in the scientific literature. Methodology: Observational, prospective, cross-sectional, descriptive study in a population of 35 diabetic older adults with a mean age of 70±7 years. The U-PLANMED questionnaire was used to identify commonly used herbal products and their therapeutic applications. Results: Fifty herbal products and 18 combinations of them were identified. Forty percent of the participants used more than two herbal products simultaneously with one or two hypoglycemic drugs. The most used products included prickly pear cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), and lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf.). Potential drug-drug interactions identified mainly in experimental animal studies suggest that there is a hypoglycemic effect of the herbal product by increasing the organic capacity on endogenous insulin secretion/release. Conclusions: The presence of drug-drug interactions has been demonstrated with the simultaneous consumption of drugs prescribed for the control of type 2 diabetes mellitus with herbal products. It is necessary for health care professionals to recognize the use of such products and to inform older adults about the possible repercussions on glucose levels when consuming them.

Introdução: 50% da população mundial utiliza tratamentos alternativos como os produtos à base de plantas. Vinte por cento utilizam-nos em conjunto com algum tipo de tratamento farmacológico para controlar a diabetes mellitus tipo 2, uma doença prevalente em adultos mais velhos. Há pouca informação sobre as interacções medicamentosas que podem ocorrer e que são responsáveis por mais de 7.000 mortes por ano. Objetivos: Identificar os produtos fitoterápicos mais consumidos entre os idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 em Chapulco, Puebla, México, e descrever as possíveis interações medicamentosas entre medicamentos hipoglicemiantes e produtos fitoterápicos relatados na literatura científica. Metodologia: Estudo observacional, prospetivo, transversal e descritivo numa população de 35 idosos diabéticos com uma idade média de 70±7 anos. O questionário U-PLANMED foi utilizado para identificar os produtos fitoterápicos mais utilizados e suas aplicações terapêuticas. Resultados: Foram identificados 50 produtos à base de plantas e 18 combinações dos mesmos. Quarenta por cento dos participantes utilizaram mais de dois produtos à base de plantas em simultâneo com um ou dois medicamentos hipoglicemiantes. Os produtos mais utilizados foram o cato de figo da Índia (Opuntia ficus-indica L.), a camomila (Matricaria chamomilla L.) e o capim-limão (Cymbopogon citratus DC. Stapf.). As potenciais interacções medicamentosas identificadas principalmente em estudos experimentais em animais sugerem que existe um efeito hipoglicémico do produto à base de plantas através do aumento da capacidade orgânica na secreção/libertação de insulina endógena. Conclusões: A presença de interacções medicamentosas foi demonstrada com o consumo simultâneo de medicamentos prescritos para o controlo da diabetes mellitus tipo 2 com produtos à base de plantas. É necessário que os profissionais de saúde reconheçam o uso de tais produtos e informem os idosos sobre as possíveis repercussões nos níveis de glicose ao consumi-los.

Avaliação de incapacidade em pessoas com doença falciforme / Disability assessment in people with sickle cell / Evaluación de la discapacidad en personas con enfermedad de células falciformes

A expectativa de vida das pessoas com doença falciforme (DF) é baixa, e o agravamento da condição de saúde é frequente, gerando incapacidades. Todavia, pouco é conhecido sobre tais incapacidades com base na Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF). Assim, o objetivo do estudo foi descrever as incapacidades de adultos com DF. Realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo, com 60 adultos com DF, de ambos os sexos. Informações sociodemográficas, fatores clínicos relacionados ao tipo de DF foram autorreferidos pelos participantes. As incapacidades foram avaliadas por meio da Escala de Avaliação de Incapacidade da Organização Mundial da Saúde (WHODAS 2.0) nos seguintes domínios: cognição, mobilidade, autocuidado, relações interpessoais (convivência com as pessoas), atividades de vida e participação na sociedade. Em cada domínio, foi definida incapacidade quando o sujeito relatou dificuldade leve, moderada, grave ou extrema de desempenhar a tarefa. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva (frequências relativas). Os resultados mostraram valores elevados em todos os domínios avaliados, com destaque para dificuldades de concentração (90%) e desempenho nas tarefas domésticas (93,3%) e impacto da situação de saúde nas finanças do sujeito/família (96,7%). Os dados deste estudo mostraram que adultos com DF apresentam elevados índices de incapacidade, especialmente no domínio cognitivo, nas atividades de vida e na participação social.

Life expectancy of people living with sickle cell disease (SCD) is in general low and the worsening of their health condition is frequent, resulting in disabilities. However, knowledge about those disabilities based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to describe the disabilities of adults with SCD. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with 60 adults with SCD of both sexes. Sociodemographic and clinical factors related to the type of SCD were self-reported by the participants. Disabilities were assessed by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0), in the following domains: cognition, mobility, selfcare, getting along with people, life activities, and participation in society. In each domain, disability was defined when the participant self-reported light, moderate, severe, extreme difficulty, or inability to perform the task. Data analysis included descriptive statistics (relative frequencies). The results showed high values in all domains evaluated, with emphasis on difficulties on concentrating (90%) and performing household chores (93.3%) and on the impact of health condition on subject/family's financial situation (96.7%). The data from this study shows that adults with SCD present high disability levels, especially on the cognitive domain, on life activities, and on social participation.

Las personas con enfermedad de células falciformes (ECF) tienen una baja esperanza de vida, y el empeoramiento de su estado de salud es frecuente, generando discapacidades. Sin embargo, estas discapacidades son poco conocidas según la Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF). El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las discapacidades de adultos con ECF . Se realizó un estudio transversal, descriptivo, con 60 adultos con ECF, de ambos sexos. Los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos relacionados con el tipo de ECF fueron autoinformados. Las discapacidades se evaluaron mediante la Escala de Evaluación de la Discapacidad de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (WHODAS 2.0), en los dominios de cognición, movilidad, autocuidado, convivencia con personas, actividades de la vida y participación en la sociedad. La discapacidad se definió mediante un reporte de dificultad o incapacidad leve, moderada, grave, extrema del individuo para realizar una tarea. Los datos fueron analizados por estadística descriptiva (frecuencias relativas). Los resultados mostraron altos valores de discapacidad en todos los dominios evaluados, con énfasis en las dificultades de concentración (90%), el desempeño en las tareas domésticas (93,3%) y el impacto de la situación de salud en las finanzas del sujeto/familia (96,7%). Los datos de este estudio mostraron que los adultos con ECF tienen altas tasas de discapacidad, especialmente en los dominios cognitivo, actividades de la vida y participación social.

Diet therapy and metabolic control among Chilean adults with a neonatal diagnosis of Phenylketonuria

Abstract Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive defect affecting the metabolic pathway of phenylalanine (Phe), causing hyperphenylalaninemia and neurotoxicity. Diagnosis must occur in the neonatal period and treatment should begin as early as possible. Evidence implies that treatment adherence declines as age advances. The aim was to describe the diet of a subgroup of Chilean adults with PKU currently in follow-up. Fifty-three subjects (49% women) followed up between January 2021 to April 2023 were considered. The concentration of Phe (PheC) in dried blood spots measured by fluorometry and 24-hour dietary recalls were analyzed. The median PheC of the sample was 438µmol/L (interquartile range(IQR):351-585µmol/L). A protein intake of 1.35±0.3 gr/Kg/d was observed of which 87% came from the protein substitute without Phe. Participants had a median Phe intake of 459mg/d (IQR:327-976) and 13.1g/d of fiber intake. Most participants, 51% and 92% reported consuming fruits and vegetables, respectively, and 32% consumed Low-Protein foods. Regarding micronutrients, all participants exceeded 90% adequacy according to recommendations. For vitamin-D and vitamin-B12, 100% is provided by the protein substitute. According to our results, it is mandatory to establish transition programs toward adulthood, to constantly maintain good metabolic control, and to adapt diet therapy to their new lifestyle.

Análise do conhecimento, das atitudes e das práticas de médicos e enfermeiros sobre as vivências de cuidadores familiares de pessoas idosas com demência: um estudo CAP / Analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of physicians and nurses regarding the experiences of family caregivers of older adults with dementia: a KAP study

Resumo Objetivo analisar o Conhecimento, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP) dos profissionais de saúde, durante a assistência às pessoas idosas vivendo com demência em relação às situações de cuidado vivenciadas pelos cuidadores informais e a associação com fatores sociodemográficos e profissionais. Método estudo transversal e analítico, do tipo CAP, realizado no município de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, Brasil, com 20 enfermeiros e 20 médicos das Unidades de Saúde da Família. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista utilizando-se um instrumento desenvolvido a partir da literatura disponível sobre estudos CAP. Realizou-se análise descritiva e análise bivariada da associação entre as variáveis conhecimento, atitudes e práticas dos profissionais de saúde e as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais, utilizando o teste exato de Fisher, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados os profissionais de saúde apresentaram conhecimento satisfatório e atitude favorável sobre as situações de cuidado vivenciadas pelos cuidadores informais de pessoas idosas vivendo com demência. Dos profissionais, 65% possuem práticas insuficientes direcionadas aos cuidadores, incluindo orientações, grupos de apoio e educação em saúde. Não houve associação significativa entre as variáveis conhecimento, atitudes e práticas e as variáveis sociodemográficas e profissionais. Conclusão embora os profissionais de saúde tenham conhecimento satisfatório sobre a situação de cuidado vivenciada pelos cuidadores e atitudes positivas em relação a eles, suas práticas se mostram insuficientes para atender suas necessidades, de forma a não contribuir para que os cuidadores possam lidar com as várias situações que o decorrer da doença ocasiona para a pessoa idosa e a eles.

Abstract Objective To analyze the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices (KAP) of healthcare professionals during the care of older individuals living with dementia, concerning the caregiving situations experienced by informal caregivers, and its association with sociodemographic and professional factors. Method A cross-sectional analytical KAP study was conducted in the municipality of Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso, with 20 nurses and 20 physicians from Family Health Units. Data were collected through interviews using an instrument developed based on the available literature on KAP studies. Descriptive analysis and bivariate analysis of the association between the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals and sociodemographic and professional variables were performed using the Fisher's exact test, with a significance level of 5%. Results Healthcare professionals demonstrated satisfactory knowledge and favorable attitudes towards caregiving situations experienced by informal caregivers of older individuals living with dementia. However, 65% of professionals exhibited insufficient practices directed at caregivers, including guidance, support groups, and health education. No significant association was found between knowledge, attitudes, practices, and sociodemographic or professional variables. Conclusion Despite healthcare professionals possessing satisfactory knowledge of caregiving situations and positive attitudes towards informal caregivers, their practices are inadequate in meeting their needs. This deficiency does not contribute to enabling caregivers to cope with the various challenges that arise during the course of the disease for both the older individual and the caregivers themselves.

Equilíbrio postural e fatores associados ao risco de quedas em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Postural balance and associated factors with the fall risk assessed in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Resumo Objetivo Identificar os fatores clínico-funcionais associados ao risco de quedas, avaliado pelo Mini-BESTest, em idosos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2). Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal. Um total de 145 idosos com idade =60 anos foram avaliados por meio das variáveis sociodemográficas (sexo, faixa etária, estado civil, nível de educação e percepção geral da saúde, audição e visão) Mini-BESTest, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Escala de Depressão Geriátrica (GDS-15) e o teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) (dupla tarefa). Foi utilizado um modelo de regressão logística múltipla. Resultados O domínio de orientação sensorial apresentou a pontuação média mais elevada, seguido pelos domínios estabilidade na marcha, ajustes posturais antecipatórios e respostas posturais. Os fatores associados ao risco de quedas em idosos foram: percepção visual ruim/muito ruim OR 3.40 (1,50-7,72); presença de doenças respiratórias OR 8.00 (1,32-48,46); sensação de tontura OR 2.53 (1,10-5,80); e tempo do teste Timed Up and Go (TUG) (dupla tarefa) igual ou superior a 13,5 segundos OR 3.31 (1,03-10,64). Conclusão Os idosos deste estudo apresentaram um equilíbrio postural comprometido, principalmente no domínio das respostas posturais. O conhecimento dos fatores associados ao risco de quedas em idosos com DM2 permite uma orientação mais eficaz na avaliação, prevenção e intervenção, visando minimizar a ocorrência de quedas e preservar ou otimizar o equilíbrio postural. Diversos fatores influenciaram esse resultado, tais como sobrepeso, baixa atividade física e nível educacional, várias comorbidades, polifarmácia, diagnóstico de DM2 por mais de dez anos, percepção negativa da saúde geral e da visão, e sintomas depressivos.

Abstract Objective Identify clinical-functional factors associated to the risk of falls, assessed by Mini-BESTest in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Method This cross-sectional study. A total of 145 older adults aged ≥60 years were evaluated through sociodemographic variables (sex, age group, married, education level, general health status hearing and vision), Mini-BESTest, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and dual-task Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) Multiple logistic regression model was used. Results The sensory orientation domain presented the highest average score, followed by the gait stability, anticipatory postural adjustments and postural responses domains. Factors associated to the risk of falls in older adults are: poor/very poor visual perception OR 3.40 (1.50-7.72); have respiratory diseases OR 8.00 (1.32-48.46); feeling dizzy OR 2.53 (1.10-5.80); and TUGT (dual task) time equal to or greater than 13.5 seconds OR 3.31 (1.03-10.64). Conclusion Older adults in this study presented impaired postural balance, mainly in the postural responses domain. The knowledge of the factors associated with the risk of falls in older adults with T2DM allows for better guidance in prevention, assessment and intervention, in order to minimize the occurrence of falls and maintain or optimize postural balance. Several factors influenced this outcome, such as overweight, low physical activity and education, several comorbidities, polypharmacy, T2DM diagnosis for more than ten years, negative perception of general health and vision, and depressive symptoms.

Development and evaluation of Tamil Matrix Sentence Test Performance in young adults

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of the study was to develop the Tamil Matrix Sentence Test (TMST) and evaluate the performance of a group of young adults with normal hearing on the developed test. The developed sentences were also administered at varying intensities to obtain a performance-intensity (PI) function. Methods A base matrix with 10 sentences containing 5 words each with a total of 50 words was used to develop the TMST. The sentences had a fixed semantic sentence structure of Tamil language in the order of noun, number, adjective, object and verb. The developed test consisted of 30 lists with 10 sentences in each list. The performance of 60 young adults with normal hearing aged 18 to 24 years across the 30 lists were compared for list equivalency. To obtain the PI function the sentences were administered on 20 young adults with normal hearing at intensities from 20 dB HL to 100 dB HL in 10 dB increments. The performance across the intensity levels were compared. Results The 30 lists of TMST were found to be acoustically equivalent. However, few lists showed significant difference in the scores obtained on them compared to the rest of the lists. The PI function revealed a saturation in performance beyond 40 dB HL. Conclusion From the results it was construed that TMST can be used to evaluate the speech identification abilities of Tamil speaking listeners. Multiple lists offer the advantage of retesting without the influence of practice or listeners memorizing the test material.

Investigation of rational drug use behaviors and knowledge levels of older individuals: a cross-sectional study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine older individuals' rational drug use behavior, their knowledge of rational drug use, and the factors affecting it. METHODS: This study was conducted cross-sectionally with 440 patients aged 65 years who received inpatient treatment in internal medicine and surgery clinics between October 2021 and November 2022 using a Rational Drug Use Scale and rational drug use behavior questions. RESULTS: The findings showed that the mean age of older adults was 72.56±5.84 years, and 51.8% were men. It was determined that 79.1% of the older adults did not check their expiration date before using the medicines, and 85.9% of them retained the remaining medicines after treatment. Results indicated that 77.3% of older adults knew less about rational drug use. Additionally, a significant difference was observed between older adults' marital status, educational status, possession of outdated drugs at home, self-use of antibiotics without examination, and mean score on the Rational Drug Use Scale (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results showed that the rational drug use knowledge level of older adults was low and that there were differences in the knowledge levels of rational drug use according to certain behaviors and factors.

Risk factors for osteoporotic hip fracture among community-dwelling older adults: a real-world evidence study

Abstract Background Hip fractures in the older adults lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Although a low bone mineral density is considered the leading risk factor, it is essential to recognize other factors that could affect the risk of hip fractures. This study aims to evaluate the contribution of clinical characteristics, patient-reported outcomes, and muscle and aerobic capacity for hip fractures in community-dwelling older adults. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study with real world-data from subjects ≥ 60 years old attending an outpatient clinic in Minas Gerais, Brazil, from May 1, 2019, to August 22, 2022. Data about clinical characteristics (multimorbidity, medications of long-term use, sedative and or tricyclic medications, number of falls), patient-reported outcomes (self-perception of health, self-report of difficulty walking, self-report of vision problems, and self-report of falls) and muscle and aerobic capacity (calf circumference, body mass index, and gait speed) were retrieved from an electronic health record. The association of each potential risk factor and hip fracture was investigated by a multivariable logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. Results A total of 7,836 older adults were included with a median age of 80 years (IQR 72-86) and 5,702 (72.7%) were female. Hip fractures occurred in 121 (1.54%) patients. Multimorbidity was associated with an increased risk of hip fracture (OR = 1.12, 95%CI 1.06-1.18) and each episode of fall increased the chance of hip fracture by 1.7-fold (OR = 1.69, 95%CI 1.52-1.80). Patient-reported outcomes associated with increased fracture risk were regular or poor self-perception of health (OR = 1.59, 95%CI 1.06-2.37), self-report of walking difficulty (OR = 3.06, 95%CI 1.93-4.84), and self-report of falls (OR = 2.23, 95%CI 1.47-3.40). Body mass index and calf circumference were inversely associated with hip fractures (OR = 0.91, 95%CI 0.87-0.96 and OR = 0.93, 95%CI 0.88-0.97, respectively), while slow gait speed increased the chance of hip fractures by almost two-fold (OR = 1.80, 95%CI 1.22-2.66). Conclusion Our study reinforces the importance of identified risk factors for hip fracture in community-dwelling older adults beyond bone mineral density and available fracture risk assessment tools. Data obtained in primary care can help physicians, other health professionals, and public health policies to identify patients at increased risk of hip fractures.

Elderly and youth: Reflections / Idosos (as) e jovens: reflexões

Objective The article aims to present reflections provoked through content analysis of interviews with families on the relationship between elderly people and young adults. Specifically, to make considerations on the characteristics and perceptions of both generations regarding the interactions between them. Method This is a qualitative, cross-sectional, and exploratory research. Twelve elderly people between 60 and 74 years old and 12 young adults between 19 and 40 years old participated, regardless of gender, social class, education, and profession. Data collection was carried out through a semi-structured interview script and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis was directed through thematic Content Analysis. Results The results showed that this is an intergenerational relationship permeated by nuances characteristic of the research subjects' age groups. Conclusion In this sense, there is a generation gap caused by the lack of quality time invested in these relationships.

Objetivo Apresentar reflexões provocadas através da análise de conteúdo de entrevistas com famílias acerca do relacionamento entre pessoas idosas e adultas jovens. Mais especificamente, tecer considerações sobre as características e percepções de ambas as gerações sobre as interações entre elas. Método Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, transversal e exploratória. Participaram 12 idosos na faixa etária entre 60 e 74 anos e 12 adultos jovens entre 19 e 40 anos de idade, independente de gênero, classe social, escolaridade e profissão. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada e questionário sociodemográfico. A análise dos dados foi direcionada através da Análise de Conteúdo temática. Resultados Os resultados demonstraram que se trata de um relacionamento intergeracional perpassado por nuances características das faixas etárias dos sujeitos da pesquisa. Conclusão Nesse sentido, existe um distanciamento entre as gerações ocasionado pela ausência da qualidade de tempo investido nessas relações.

Gravidade dos sintomas da covid-19 e qualidade de vida na covid longa: qual a relação em adultos e idosos? / Severity of covid-19 symptoms and quality of life in long covid: what is the relationship between adults and the elderly? / Gravedad de los síntomas de covid-19 y calidad de vida en long covid: ¿cuál es la relación entre adultos y ancianos?

Avaliar a relação entre gravidade dos sintomas da Covid-19 e qualidade de vida na Covid Longa em adultos e idosos. Trata-se de estudo transversal, prospectivo e multicêntrico, realizado com indivíduos com idade superior á 18 anos com Covid Longa, de ambos os sexos, acompanhados nas Clínicas Escolas da Universidade Paulista ­ UNIP. Foi aplicado uma ficha de avaliação, no qual foram coletadas informações como, dados pessoais, história clínica da Covid-19, e manejos da doença em relação a necessidade de oxigenoterapia, ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VNI) e invasiva (VM) e traqueostomia (TQT), bem como o questionário SF36 versão Brasileira. A pesquisa foi submetida e aprovada pelo CEP da Universidade Paulista ­ UNIP, parecer 4.894.652. Os adultos e idosos que foram internados tiveram pior qualidade de vida nos domínios capacidade funcional, vitalidade e saúde mental. Aqueles que utilizaram oxigenoterapia, VM e TQT, tiveram maior acometimento no domínio saúde mental e os indivíduos que utilizaram a VNI, tiveram pior pontuação no domínio capacidade funcional. Conclui-se que adultos e idosos com Covid Longa apresentaram pior qualidade de vida à longo prazo, sobretudo naqueles com maior gravidade dos sintomas da Covid-19, ou seja, que necessitaram de internação, oxigenoterapia, VNI, VM e traqueostomia.

To evaluate the relationship between the severity of Covid-19 symptoms and quality of life adults and elderly with Long Covid in. This is a cross-sectional, prospective and multicenter study, carried out with individuals aged over 18 years with Long Covid, of both gender, followed at the Clinic School of Universidade Paulista - UNIP. Infor-mations such as personal data, clinical history of Covid-19, and disease management in relation to used of oxygen therapy, non-invasive (NIV) and invasive mechanical ventila-tion and tracheostomy was collected. SF36 questionnaire version Brazilian was aplied to assess quality of life . Adults and elderly people who were hospitalized had a worse quality of life in functional capacity, vitality and mental health domains. Furthermore, those who used oxygen therapy, intubation and tracheostomy, had worse mental health. The individuals who used NIV had worse scores in domain capacity works. It is con-cluded that adults and elderly people with Long Covid had a worse quality of life in the long term, especially in those with more severe symptoms of Covid-19, that is, those who required hospitalization, oxygen therapy, invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation and tracheostomy.

Relacionar la gravedad de los síntomas de Covid-19 y la calidad de vida en adultos y ancianos con Largo Covid. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal, prospectivo y multicéntrico, realizado con individuos mayores de 18 años con Largo Covid, de ambos sexos, seguidos en las Clínicas Escolas de la Universidade Paulista - UNIP. Se aplicó un formulario de evaluación, en el cual se recolectó información como datos personales, antecedentes clínicos de Covid-19 y manejo de la enfermedad en relación a la necesidad de oxigenoterapia, ventilación mecánica no invasiva e invasiva y traqueotomía, así como la Cuestionario SF36 versión brasileña. Resultados: Los adultos y ancianos hospitalizados tenían peor calidad de vida en los dominios capacidad funcional, vitalidad y salud mental. De los cuales usaban oxigenoterapia, intubación y traqueotomía, tenían peor salud mental. Los individuos que usaban ventilación mecánica no invasiva tenían peores puntuaciones en el domínio del la capacidad funcional. Conclusión: Se concluye que los adultos y ancianos con Covid Largo tuvieron una peor calidad de vida a largo plazo, especialmente en aquellos con síntomas más severos de Covid-19, es decir, aquellos que requirieron hospitalización, oxigenoterapia, invasiva y no invasiva. ventilación mecánica y traqueotomía.

Suicide attempts in the adult Mexican population: an analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and associated factors / Tentativas de suicídio na população adulta mexicana: uma análise de fatores sociodemográficos e associados

ABSTRACT Objective: Suicide is the culmination of a process or continuum known as suicidal behavior that proceeds from ideation and planning to attempt. The objective was to estimate the prevalence of suicide attempts in the adult Mexican population and to analyze their main associated factors. Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study with information from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2018). Self-reported lifetime suicide attempt was used in the analysis. We analyzed depression, obesity, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption as suicide attempt-associated factors using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of adult suicide attempt was 2.0% (95%CI 1.8-2.2) and it was higher among women (2.4%; 95%CI 2.2-2.8) and young people (2.9%; 95%CI 2.4-3.4). Low education (OR=1.6; 95%CI 1.2-2.2), being single (OR=1.3; 95%CI 1.0-1.6), having obesity (OR=1.4; 95%CI 1.1-1.8), consumption of alcohol (OR=2.4; 95%CI 1.7-3.4) or tobacco smoking (OR=1.8; 95%CI 1.4-2.4), and having strong symptoms of depression (OR=10.1; 95%CI 6.2-16.3) were associated with a higher prevalence of suicide attempts. Conclusion: These results help better understand suicidal behavior in Mexico and identify the factors that increase the likelihood of suicide attempts, which is essential to help reduce suicide mortality. This research is crucial for developing early interventions and prevention programs aimed at reducing suicide's public health burden.

RESUMO Objetivo: O suicídio é o resultado de um processo ou continuidade conhecido como comportamento suicida, que parte da ideação e planejamento até a tentativa. O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de tentativa de suicídio na população adulta mexicana e analisar seus principais fatores associados. Métodos: Realizamos um estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo com informações da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde e Nutrição (2018). Na análise, foi utilizado o relato de tentativa de suicídio ao longo da vida. Analisamos a depressão, a obesidade, o tabagismo e o consumo de álcool como fatores associados à tentativa de suicídio, usando um modelo de regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: A prevalência de tentativas de suicídio em adultos foi de 2,0% (intervalo de confiança de 95% — IC95% 1,8-2,2); foi mais alta entre as mulheres (2,4%; IC95% 2,2-2,8) e entre os jovens (2,9%; IC95% 2,4-3,4). Baixa educação (odds ratio — OR=1.6; IC95% 1.2-2.2), estado civil solteiro (OR=1.3; IC95% 1.0-1.6), obesidade (OR=1.4; IC95% 1.1-1.8), consumo de álcool (OR=2.4; IC95% 1.7-3.4) ou tabaco (OR=1.8; IC95% 1.4-2.4) e sintomas fortes de depressão (OR=10.1; IC95% 6.2-16.3) estão associados a uma maior prevalência de tentativas de suicídio. Conclusão: Esses resultados ajudam a entender melhor o comportamento suicida no México e a identificar os fatores que aumentam a probabilidade de tentativas de suicídio, o que é essencial para ajudar a reduzir a mortalidade por essa causa. Esta pesquisa é crucial para o desenvolvimento de intervenções precoces e programas de prevenção com o objetivo de reduzir o ônus de saúde pública do suicídio.

RPG Imersiva saúde do idoso: uma nova possibilidade de construção de aprendizagem em saúde? / Immersive RPG Elderly Health: A New Possibility for Constructing Health Learning?

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a aplicabilidade e a efetividade de um jogo com elementos de Roleplaying Game (RPG) enquanto ferramenta didático pedagógica para o ensino em saúde. Método A população deste estudo foi de discentes de cursos de graduação e pós-graduação, da área da saúde, da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa. O estudo foi realizado entre os meses de abril a junho de 2018, em duas etapas. Primeiramente foi realizado o RPG com as turmas envolvidas, e após uma semana, entrevistas de GF para a obtenção de informações, contando com voluntários dessas turmas que aceitaram participar da pesquisa. A análise das informações foi baseada em aspectos da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados (TFD). Resultados Da análise emergiram as categorias:1) Criação do jogo, 2) Impacto da experiência no ensino aprendizagem, 3) Reflexão acerca do jogo. Os resultados demonstram que o uso do jogo com elementos de RPG tem um enorme potencial a ser explorado no processo de ensino-aprendizagem na área da saúde. Trata-se de um método inovador e ainda pouco utilizado na área da saúde. É importante seguir algumas premissas para que a ferramenta seja utilizada de forma potente. Conclusão Nessa direção entende-se que o jogo auxilia na formação em saúde, enriquecendo conhecimentos e habilidades através de uma experiência desafiadora e conectada com a realidade.

Abstract Objective To assess the applicability and effectiveness of a game incorporating Roleplaying Game (RPG) elements as a pedagogical tool for health education. Method The study population comprised undergraduate and postgraduate students in the health field at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. This qualitative research was conducted between April and June 2018 in two stages. Initially, the RPG was implemented with the involved classes, followed by Focus Group interviews conducted a week later to gather information, with volunteers from these classes who willingly participated in the research. Information analysis was grounded in aspects of Grounded Theory (GT). Results The analysis yielded the following categories: 1) Game creation, 2) Impact of the experience on teaching and learning, 3) Reflection on the game. The results demonstrate that the use of RPG-influenced games holds significant untapped potential in the health education process. This innovative method remains underutilized within the health domain, necessitating adherence to specific premises for its potent application. Conclusion In this context, it is understood that the game contributes to health education, enhancing knowledge and skills through a challenging and reality-connected experience.

Intergeracionalidade e promoção da saúde: reflexões e desafios na atenção à pessoa idosa / Intergenerationality and Health Promotion: Reflections and Challenges in the Care of Older Adults

Resumo Objetivo Discutir sobre a promoção da saúde da pessoa idosa por meio da intergeracionalidade, com ênfase na educação intergeracional nos Programas Intergeracionais, como uma proposta de educação para o protagonismo da pessoa idosa e o envelhecimento bem-sucedido. Método Ensaio teórico, de cunho reflexivo com abordagem qualitativa. Embasando-se na leitura de documentos que reforçam o aumento da longevidade e a preocupação com a promoção da saúde para a pessoa idosa no Brasil, a fim de refletir sobre a intergeracionalidade na promoção da saúde e a utilização da educação intergeracional para promover o envelhecimento bem-sucedido, por meio dos Programas Intergeracionais. Resultados Organizaram-se em três tópicos: Promoção da saúde da pessoa idosa: desafios para o seu protagonismo; Compreensão sobre envelhecimento para a aprendizagem intergeracional; Programa intergeracional: protagonismo para a promoção da saúde da pessoa idosa. Conclusão Experiências exitosas na saúde, especificamente nos espaços ocupados pela Atenção Primária à Saúde ainda se mostram restritas ou pouco visualizadas para a construção de uma educação transformadora para a promoção da saúde da pessoa idosa. O desafio é fomentar pesquisas científicas, para que os profissionais, a partir da educação permanente, possam potencializar os momentos de educação em saúde a partir da educação intergeracional, sendo assim, a construção e implementação de Programas Intergeracionais podem representar essa possibilidade.

Abstract Objective To discuss the promotion of health for older adults through intergenerationality, with an emphasis on intergenerational education within Intergenerational Programs, as a proposal for education fostering the protagonism of older adults and successful aging. Method Theoretical essay, reflective in nature with a qualitative approach. Grounded in the examination of documents emphasizing the increase in longevity and the concern for health promotion among older adults in Brazil, the aim is to contemplate intergenerationality in health promotion and the utilization of intergenerational education to foster successful aging through Intergenerational Programs. Results Organized into three topics: Health promotion for older adults: challenges for their protagonism; Understanding aging for intergenerational learning; Intergenerational program: protagonism for the health promotion of older adults. Conclusion Successful experiences in health, specifically within the realms of Primary Health Care, still appear to be limited or insufficiently recognized for the development of transformative education in health promotion for older adults. The challenge lies in fostering scientific research so that professionals, through continuous education, can enhance health education moments through intergenerational education. Thus, the establishment and implementation of Intergenerational Programs may represent this promising possibility.

Polifarmácia, medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados e a vulnerabilidade de pessoas idosas / Polypharmacy, potentially inappropriate medications, and the vulnerability of older adults

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a frequência de polifarmácia e prescrição de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) segundo os Critérios de Beers e CBMPI em pessoas idosas com vulnerabilidade clínico-funcional. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal onde analisou-se os prontuários de 496 participantes com 60 anos ou mais, atendidos em primeira consulta em uma Policlínica Gerontológica. Os dados sociodemográficos, medicamentos, e o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional 20 (IVCF-20) e quedas foram extraídos dos prontuários. A polifarmácia foi definida como o uso simultâneo de cinco ou mais medicamentos. Os participantes foram classificados em três grupos: robusto, em risco e vulnerável. Resultados A análise demonstrou que 69 (13,91%) dos participantes faziam uso de polifarmácia. Entre os usuários de polifarmácia, 40 (57,97%) faziam uso de pelo menos um MPI. Os MPIs mais encontrados foram a glibenclamida e o omeprazol, respectivamente. Pessoas idosas com vulnerabilidade apresentaram um risco três vezes maior de apresentar polifarmácia (RP 3,59; IC95% 2,109-6,092). Conclusão O uso de polifarmácia e MPI neste estudo estavam associados à vulnerabilidade da pessoa idosa, reforçando a necessidade de avaliação criteriosa de prescrições medicamentosas para essa população.

Abstract Objective To analyze the frequency of polypharmacy and the prescription of Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIM) according to the Beers Criteria and CBMPI in older adults with clinical-functional vulnerability. Method This is a cross-sectional study where the medical records of 496 participants aged 60 and older, seen in their first appointment at a Gerontological Polyclinic, were analyzed. Sociodemographic data, medications, the Clinical-Functional Vulnerability Index-20 (IVCF-20), and falls were extracted from the medical records. Polypharmacy was defined as the simultaneous use of five or more medications. Participants were classified into three groups: robust, at risk, and vulnerable. Results The analysis revealed that 69 (13.91%) participants were using polypharmacy. Among polypharmacy users, 40 (57.97%) were using at least one PIM. The most commonly found PIM were glibenclamide and omeprazole, respectively. Older adults with vulnerability were three times more likely to have polypharmacy (OR 3.59; 95% CI 2.109-6.092). Conclusion The use of polypharmacy and PIM in this study was associated with the vulnerability of older adults, emphasizing the need for a thorough evaluation of medication prescriptions for this population.

Exploring the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of quality of life among older people: A cross-sectional and analytical study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Although studies have examined the relationship between variables associated with active aging and quality of life (QoL), no studies have been identified to have investigated the effect of a structural model of active aging on QoL in a representative sample of older people in the community. OBJECTIVE: To measure the domains and facets of QoL in older people and identify the effect of the structural model of active aging on the self-assessment of QoL. DESIGN AND SETTING: This cross-sectional analytical study included 957 older people living in urban areas. Data were collected from households using validated instruments between March and June 2018. Descriptive, confirmatory factor, and structural equation modeling analyses were performed. RESULTS: Most older people self-rated their QoL as good (58.7%), and the highest mean scores were for the social relationships domain (70.12 ± 15.4) and the death and dying facet (75.43 ± 26.7). In contrast, the lowest mean scores were for the physical domains (64.41 ± 17.1) and social participation (67.20 ± 16.2) facets. It was found that active aging explained 50% of the variation in self-assessed QoL and directly and positively affected this outcome (λ = 0.70; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Active aging had a direct and positive effect on the self-assessment of QoL, indicating that the more individuals actively aged, the better the self-assessment of QoL.

Potentially inappropriate medications with older people in intensive care and associated factors: a historic cohort study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in critical care units remains limited, especially in terms of the factors associated with their use. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and factors associated with PIMs use in intensive care units. DESIGN AND SETTING: Historical cohort study was conducted in a high-complexity hospital in Brazil. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on 314 patients aged ≥ 60 years who were admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) at a high-complexity hospital in Brazil. The dates were extracted from a "Patient Safety Project" database. A Chi-square test, Student's t-test, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess which factors were associated with PIMs. The statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: According to Beers' criteria, 12.8% of the identified drugs were considered inappropriate for the elderly population. The incidence rate of PIMs use was 45.8%. The most frequently used PIMs were metoclopramide, insulin, antipsychotics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and benzodiazepines. Factors associated with PIMs use were the number of medications (odds ratio [OR] = 1.17), length of hospital stay (OR = 1.07), and excessive potential drug interactions (OR = 2.43). CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of the older adults in ICUs received PIM. Patients taking PIMs had a longer length of stay in the ICU, higher numbers of medications, and higher numbers of potential drug interactions. In ICUs, the use of explicit methods combined with clinical judgment can contribute to the safety and quality of medication prescriptions.

Quality of life of older adults in Family Health Strategy: a cross-sectional study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: With the increase in the older adult population, it is essential to identify the living and health conditions that can impact the quality of life of these individuals. OBJECTIVES: To identify the domains and factors associated with the quality of life of older adults under the Family Health Strategy program. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the municipality of Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil. METHODS: We assessed 449 older adults enrolled in the Family Health Strategy program. Data were collected between April and July, 2018. World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment (WHOQOL-OLD) was used to assess the quality of life (QoL) and multiple linear regression was used to estimate the factors associated with QoL. RESULTS: The QoL domain with the highest score was death and dying (mean = 70.4), and the lowest score was for sensory functions (mean = 61.0 points). The factors associated with QoL were single marital status (β = -4.55; P = 0.014), level of independence for daily living activities (β = 4.92; P < 0.001), self-assessment of regular health (β = 5.35; P < 0.001), and poor health (β = -8.67; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The death and dying domain of QoL presented the highest score. Marital status, impairment in daily activities, and health self-assessment were associated with QoL.

Chronic pain among older adults and its impact on satisfaction with social participation: development and validation of the "Instrument to Assess Older Adults' Social Participation". A descriptive quantitative study

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: We aimed to develop and validate a practical instrument to assess older adults' satisfaction with their social participation (SP). DESIGN AND SETTING: This methodological validation study was conducted at a public higher education institution. METHODS: A two-phase study was designed, developed, and validated to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP. In the first phase, we conceptualized SP and developed an "instrument to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP (IAPSI)," as approved by a committee of specialists, pre-tested, and partially validated. Second, we determined the IAPSI's reproducibility using Cronbach's alpha to measure internal consistency, Pearson's and Spearman's coefficients to measure correlations, the Bland-Altman plot and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to measure reproducibility. We also generated a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: 102 older adults (mean age, 87.29) participated in the first phase. Moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.7) and significant moderate correlations with quality of life by World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-bref and by WHOQOL-old social domains (Pearson's coefficients 0.54 and 0.64, respectively; P < 0.001) were found. The ROC curve indicated an IAPSI score of 17 as the threshold for the impact of pain on satisfaction with SP (83.3% sensitivity and 88.9% specificity, P < 0.001). In the second phase, 56 older adults (between 81 and 90 years old) participated. We found adequate intra- and inter-observer reproducibility for the IAPSI (ICC 0.96 and 0.78, respectively). CONCLUSION: We have developed a practical instrument with appropriate psychometric properties to assess older adults' satisfaction with their SP.

Demanda de servicios de salud de la población adulta mayor de bajos ingresos en Colombia

Objetivo: Analizar los determinantes de la demanda de servicios de salud del adulto mayor entre los segmentos más pobres de Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de datos panel a partir de datos de riesgo individualizado de una aseguradora del régimen subsidiado en Colombia. Se elaboraron modelos de regresión lineal para determinar la demanda de salud bajo dos escenarios. Resultados: El hacinamiento, la exposición al humo y roedores mantienen una relación positiva con la demanda de servicios de salud. Por el contrario, la educación, ocupación, realizar actividad física y el no consumo de alcohol son factores protectores. Conclusión: La transición demográfica y epidemiológica que experimenta Colombia trae consigo retos para el sistema de salud. La identificación de determinantes de la demanda contribuye al establecimiento de estrategias para el mejoramiento del sistema de salud vigente y futuro.

Objective: To analyze the determinants of the demand for health services of the elderly among the poorest segments in Colombia. Materials and methods: Panel data study based on individualized risk data from an insurer of the subsidized regime in Colombia. Linear regression models were developed to determine health demand under two scenarios. Results: Overcrowding, exposure to smoke and rodents maintain a positive relationship with the demand for health services. On the contrary, education, occupation, physical activity, and non-alcohol consumption are protective factors. Conclusion: The demographic and epidemiological transition that Colombia is experiencing brings challenges to the health system. The identification of determinants of demand contributes to the implementation of strategies to improve the current and future health system.